Getting Started with Goats: A Beginner's Guide to Homesteading

Introduction

Thinking about diving into the world of goat raising? These intelligent and lovable creatures can be a fantastic addition to your homestead or small farm. In this comprehensive blog post, we're going to give you the lowdown on all things goat, from picking the perfect breed to making sure they're living their best goat life. So, grab a coffee or a cold one, and let's start this goat adventure together!

Choosing the Right Goat for your Homestead

When it comes to choosing the ideal goat breed for your homestead or farm, it's essential to consider the primary purpose for which you intend to raise goats. Goats serve various functions, including milk production, meat, fiber, and even as charming pets. Here's a breakdown of different goat breeds and their respective purposes to help you make the best selection:

Dairy Goats:

• Nubian: Known for their high butterfat content, Nubian goats are excellent milk producers. They are friendly and adaptable, making them a great choice for beginners.

• Saanen: Saanens are renowned for their high milk yield and are often referred to as the "Holsteins of the goat world." They have a gentle disposition and are hardy in various climates.

• Toggenburg: are known for their distinct coloration, with a light brown to dark chocolate coat and white markings. They are valued for their milk production and are considered one of the oldest known dairy goat breeds.

• Oberhasli: Medium-sized and known for their striking bay color with black markings. They are reliable milk producers and have a friendly disposition.

• Nigerian Dwarf: Nigerian Dwarf goats are miniature dairy goats, making them suitable for small homesteads. Despite their size, they produce high-quality milk with a high butterfat content.

Meat Goats:

• Boer: Boer goats are prized for their meat quality and fast growth. They have a distinctive appearance with a white body and reddish-brown head. They are a top choice for meat production.

• Kiko: Kiko goats are known for their hardiness and strong foraging abilities. They require minimal intervention and are suitable for meat production under extensive grazing conditions.

• Spanish Goat: Spanish goats are hardy and adaptable, making them a popular choice for meat production. They are often used as the base breed in crossbreeding programs to improve the genetics of other meat goat breeds.

• Savannah Goat: The Savannah goat is a cross between the Boer and the Kalahari Red, developed for meat production. These goats are known for their adaptability and meat quality.

• Myotonic (Fainting) Goat: Myotonic goats, also known as fainting goats, are often raised for meat. They have a genetic condition that causes their muscles to stiffen when they're startled, making them easier to manage and harvest.

Fiber Goats:

• Angora: Angora goats produce luxurious mohair fiber, which is highly sought after in the textile industry. They require regular shearing and good care to maintain their fiber quality.

• Cashmere: Cashmere goats produce soft and valuable cashmere wool. They are known for their fine, downy undercoat and are ideal for those interested in fiber arts.

Dual-Purpose Goats:

• Boer-Nubian Cross: Crossbreeding the Boer and Nubian goats can result in excellent meat production. The Boer contributes to meat quantity, while the Nubian adds to the flavor and milk production.

• Kiko-Alpine Cross: Crossbreeding Kiko goats with Alpine goats can result in a hardy and productive meat goat. This cross combines the Kiko's resilience with the Alpine's milk-producing abilities.

• Nubians: are indeed a versatile breed, suitable for both milk and meat production, and can be a valuable addition to your dual-purpose goat herd.

Miniature Goats:

• Pygmy: If you have limited space or are looking for a pet, Pygmy goats are a popular choice due to their small size and friendly nature. They are often kept for companionship.

** Goats are inherently social animals and thrive in the company of their own kind. Whether you're raising goats for milk, meat, or as pets, it's highly recommended to have at least two goats or, better yet, a small herd. Goats form strong bonds within their groups, providing companionship, security, and a sense of well-being. **

Establishing a Shelter

A suitable goat shelter is fundamental to your goats' well-being. It should offer enough space, typically around 20 square feet per goat, allowing them to move freely. Proper ventilation through windows or vents is crucial to prevent respiratory issues.

The shelter must protect goats from the elements, such as rain, snow, wind, and direct sunlight. A well-constructed, sturdy frame with a roof and overhangs ensures durability and stability, capable of withstanding inclement weather. The flooring should be easily cleaned, ensuring efficient drainage to prevent hoof problems.

Inside, provide clean and dry bedding like straw or wood shavings. Establish separate areas for feeding and watering to maintain a clean environment, and install strong doors and locks for security against predators.

Adequate height, fresh air, and natural light are also essential. Proper positioning on higher ground with efficient drainage helps avoid water accumulation inside.

Finally, consider a separate shelter for young goats to prevent accidental injuries from larger herd members. Regular maintenance and cleaning are vital to uphold your goats' health and comfort. By addressing these elements, you can create a shelter that ensures your goats thrive in various weather conditions.

Fencing and Pasture Management

Proper fencing for goats is vital to ensure their safety, prevent escapes, and safeguard your property. Start with a fence that is at least 4 to 5 feet high to deter their jumping tendencies. Choose durable materials like woven wire, chain link, or electric fencing, as goats can be rough on structures. Ensure the spacing between fence components is minimal, typically 4 inches or less to prevent them from squeezing through.

Electric fencing designed for goats can be effective in conjunction with traditional fencing. Pay close attention to grounding and test the system regularly.

Sturdy gates with secure latches are a must, as goats are known for their gate-opening skills. Prevent digging under the fence by burying it at least 12 inches below the ground or using deterrents like rocks or concrete.

In areas with predators, design your fence to keep both goats and threats out, employing additional protective measures such as guardian animals and nighttime confinement. With a well-designed and well-maintained fence, you provide a secure environment for your goats to thrive.

Pasture rotation, also known as rotational grazing, is a fundamental practice for maintaining healthy and productive pastures for your livestock, including goats. This strategy involves dividing your grazing area into smaller sections or paddocks and rotating your goats among them at regular intervals.

The benefits of pasture rotation are numerous. Firstly, it prevents overgrazing and allows the land to recover, ensuring a constant food source for your goats. It also minimizes the risk of soil erosion and compaction, as goats tend to concentrate their grazing in certain areas.

Rotational grazing can enhance pasture quality by encouraging the growth of diverse forage species and reducing weed infestations. Additionally, it aids in parasite control, as goats can be re-introduced to pastures after the life cycle of parasites has been broken. By giving your goats access to fresh, clean forage on a rotating basis, you not only promote their health but also optimize the overall productivity of your pastures.

The key is to plan your rotations carefully, considering factors like forage growth rates, stocking densities, and the specific needs of your goat herd to ensure a balanced and sustainable approach to grazing management.

Nutrition and Feeding

A balanced and nutritious diet is vital for your goats' health and productivity. Goats are browsers, meaning they prefer to eat a wide variety of plants. Providing access to fresh, clean water at all times is essential. Supplement their diet with high-quality hay, grains, and minerals to meet their specific nutritional needs.

Goats can graze on a variety of plants, including grasses, legumes, browse (shrubs and trees), and other herbaceous plants. Different types of forage offer varying nutritional profiles, so providing a diverse range is essential for balanced nutrition.

Implementing a pasture rotation system is beneficial for managing your forage. It helps prevent overgrazing and allows pastures to recover. Rotational grazing ensures that goats have access to fresh, high-quality forage.

Provide a mineral supplement designed for goats. The specific minerals they need depend on your region's soil and the quality of your forage. Selenium, copper, and other essential minerals should be included.

If you must feed or want to feed commercial feed, choose feeds designed for their life stage (e.g., kids, lactating does, or adults) and adjust the amount according to their needs. But beware that goats are prone to obesity and metabolic disorders. Avoid overfeeding and ensure that their diet matches their activity level and life stage.

Health Care and Parasite Management

Regular health care and parasite management are vital for keeping your goats in peak condition. Establish a vaccination schedule with the guidance of a veterinarian to protect your goats from common diseases. Perform routine health checks, including hoof trimming, to prevent issues and detect any health concerns early on.

Understanding Common Goat Parasites: Get familiar with common internal parasites that affect goats, such as gastrointestinal worms, coccidia, and liver flukes. External parasites like ticks, mites, and lice can also be problematic.

Fecal Testing: Regularly conduct fecal testing to monitor parasite loads in your goats. This helps determine the need for deworming and ensures that treatments are administered only when necessary. A fecal egg count (FEC) is a valuable tool in this process.

Strategic Deworming: Avoid routine or calendar-based deworming, as it can contribute to the development of drug-resistant parasites. Instead, employ a targeted or selective deworming approach based on FEC results and the specific needs of each goat.

Quarantine New Goats: Isolate new goats on your farm or homestead for a period of time to prevent the introduction of parasites. This is especially important when introducing goats from other sources.

Pasture Management: Practice rotational grazing to minimize parasite exposure. This allows pastures to "rest" and breaks the parasite life cycle. Maintain clean and well-drained pasture areas to reduce parasite larvae in the environment.

Feeding and Nutrition: Ensure that your goats receive a balanced diet and maintain good body condition. Well-nourished a balanced diet and maintain good body condition.

Hygiene and Cleanliness: Keep housing areas and bedding clean and dry to reduce exposure to external parasites. Regularly groom and inspect your goats for signs of external parasites like ticks and lice.

Use of Natural Remedies: Some natural remedies, such as diatomaceous earth and herbal supplements, may help with parasite control. However, their effectiveness can vary, so use them in conjunction with other strategies.

FAMACHA Scoring: Employ the FAMACHA system, a method of assessing anemia in goats caused by certain blood-sucking parasites. This system helps identify which goats require immediate attention.

Consult a Veterinarian: If you're unsure about parasite control or dealing with a severe infestation, consult a veterinarian experienced in goat health. They can provide guidance on dewormers and treatment plans tailored to your herd's specific needs.

Record-Keeping: Maintain accurate records of each goat's deworming history, health status, and FEC results. This helps track individual health and aids in making informed management decisions.

Effective parasite control is essential for maintaining the health and productivity of your goat herd. By adopting a strategic and well-informed approach, you can minimize the risks associated with parasites and keep your goats thriving in optimal condition.

Breeding and Kidding

If you plan to breed your goats, careful planning and management are essential. Ensure that both the buck (male) and doe (female) are healthy and free from any genetic issues. Provide a private and clean space for kidding, as goats prefer solitude during labor. Be prepared to assist during the birthing process if needed, and ensure the kids receive adequate colostrum for a healthy start.

Here is a small list of items we like to keep in our birthing kits.

Selecting Breeding Stock: Choose healthy, well-conformed does (female goats) and bucks (male goats) for breeding. Consider their lineage, health history, and desired traits for your herd.

Breeding Season: Most goat breeds have specific breeding seasons, typically in the fall and early winter. Be mindful of the breeding schedule for your breed.

Doe Preparation: Ensure that does are in good health and body condition before breeding. Provide them with proper nutrition and any necessary vaccinations.

Buck Selection: Introduce the chosen buck to the does during the breeding season. Bucks are often more receptive to breeding when they are in rut (a period of increased sexual activity).

Heat Detection: Observe the does for signs of heat (estrus), which includes restlessness, tail wagging, and increased vocalization. This is the time when does are receptive to breeding.

Handling and Socialization

Building a strong bond with your goats through regular handling and socialization will help them become more friendly and manageable. Spend time interacting with your goats daily, offering treats and gentle petting. This will not only strengthen your relationship with them but also make routine tasks, such as milking and health checks, easier.

Tips for Successful Goat Keeping

• Start Small: Begin with a small number of goats to gain experience and ensure you can manage their care effectively.

• Join a Goat Community: Connect with other goat keepers through local homesteading groups or online forums to share experiences and seek advice.

• Learn from Experienced Goat Keepers: Mentorship from experienced goat keepers can be invaluable. Seek guidance from local breeders or attend workshops and seminars.

• Keep Records: Maintain detailed records of your goats' health, breeding, and production to monitor their progress and make informed decisions.

• Embrace Flexibility: Homesteading and goat keeping can be challenging, so be prepared to adapt and learn as you go.

Conclusion

Embracing goat keeping on your homestead can be a deeply rewarding and fulfilling experience. With the right preparation, knowledge, and dedication, you'll find that goats can provide you with fresh milk, meat, and endless joy as they become cherished members of your homesteading family. Follow this beginner's guide and the provided tips and tricks to ensure a successful and enriching journey into the world of goat keeping on your homestead.

Happy homesteading and may your goat-keeping adventure be filled with abundant joy and bountiful rewards!